Features of seasonal shedding in dogs and cats

12 November 2021

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Seasonal shedding in dogs and cats — what you need to know about causes, duration, care specifics, and the role of nutrition during this period

Shedding is a natural, genetically programmed process of coat renewal in dogs and cats, occurring in response to seasonal changes, light exposure, and internal biochemical processes. Unlike wild animals that typically shed twice a year, pets may shed almost continuously due to a stable indoor climate and artificial lighting.

Nearly all pet owners face the challenge of shedding. The exceptions are hairless breeds (e.g., the Canadian Sphynx) or breeds with coat types that don't shed actively (e.g., Poodles, Kerry Blue Terriers).

Hormonal regulation of the hair growth cycle

The hair growth cycle is regulated by the neuroendocrine system — primarily by melatonin and thyroid hormones. Hair follicles go through three phases: anagen (growth), catagen (transition), and telogen (shedding). Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can prolong the anagen phase, thus reducing hair loss in the telogen phase.

External grooming methods

Popular methods to reduce hair loss include:

Daily brushing with special brushes or deshedding tools. Regular grooming helps remove dead hair and stimulate blood circulation in the skin. Some owners opt to shave the pet, but this can cause stress and does not solve the root cause — the hair will shed again after regrowth.
“Express shedding” treatment at a grooming salon — the pet is thoroughly brushed using deshedders and trimming tools, bathed with special cosmetics, and dried with professional dryers. Dogs usually tolerate the procedure well; cats may need calming aids. Despite this, the treatment is effective: it massages the skin, stimulates hair growth, and removes old undercoat.
Skin hygiene — regular bathing with dermatologically adapted pet shampoos.

However, grooming alone will not resolve the issue if the pet has nutritional deficiencies or hormonal imbalances.

The impact of nutrients on skin and coat condition

According to veterinary research, the most effective way to control shedding is through dietary adjustment.

Omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)), found in deep-sea fish oils (such as salmon, herring, and mackerel), have strong anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and dermatotropic effects.
The optimal Omega-6 to Omega-3 ratio in the diet is approximately 3:1.

These nutrients:

strengthen the skin and hair follicles;
regulate sebum production;
reduce allergenic load;
improve microcirculation in the skin;
enhance the shine and elasticity of the coat.

Scientifically proven dietary components

Among the most studied nutrients that positively influence skin and coat condition, particular attention is given to biotin, zinc, vitamins A, C, E, selenium, and carotenoids.

Biotin plays a role in keratin synthesis — the main structural protein of the coat, thereby improving its density and integrity. Zinc supports skin regeneration, accelerates healing of micro-damage, and promotes healthy hair growth. Vitamins A, C, and E combined with selenium act as powerful antioxidants, neutralizing free radicals and slowing down skin aging. Carotenoids — especially astaxanthin — are also important, as they reduce inflammation and oxidative stress while supporting tissue elasticity and the natural coat color.

Scientific studies confirm that balanced nutrition contributes to better skin and coat condition

According to scientific sources such as the Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition and Veterinary Dermatology, animals that consume balanced diets with the listed nutrients have denser coats, healthier skin, and a reduced rate of hair loss.